How much chocolate is good for you? New study finds out

New research has added to tentative evidence that eating chocolate in modest quantities may be good for the heart, its investigators said on Tuesday.

Scientists in Britain looked at data from nearly 21,000 people who filled out questionnaires about their lifestyle, and had their health monitored for more than 11 years.

Their average daily consumption was seven grams (0.25 ounces) of chocolate, ranging from none to 100g.

The top fifth of chocolate-eaters were 12 percent less likely to develop heart disease and 23 percent less likely to suffer a stroke compared to the bottom fifth of consumers, the researchers found.

The study, published in the British journal Heart, noted that most consumers of the confectionary ate milk chocolate, not dark chocolate which famously has a higher percentage of protective molecules called flavonoids.

"This may indicate that not only flavonoids, but also other compounds, possibly related to milk constituents, such as calcium and fatty acids, may provide an explanation for the observed association," it said.

The team, headed by Phyo Myint of the University of Aberdeen in Scotland, admitted the probe had limitations.

The study was observational, meaning it could not show cause and effect, merely an association which may be circumstantial.

Another question mark was to be found in "reverse causation": participants who knew they had cardiovascular problems may have followed a healthier diet and eaten less chocolate.

The team also did a review of other published studies, covering more than 130,000 people in total, and said they had found a similarly beneficial association with regular chocolate consumption.

"Cumulative evidence suggests that higher chocolate intake is associated with a lower risk of future cardiovascular events," it said.

"There does not appear to be any evidence to say that chocolate should be avoided in those who are concerned about cardiovascular risk."

A couple of squares of chocolate are around 16g, and an average bar of chocolate about 50g.

Commentators not involved in the research were cautious, noting too much chocolate can lead to weight gain, which is bad for the heart.

"You can't draw a medical conclusion from this study," said Arnaud Cocaul, a nutritionist at the Pitie Salpetriere Hospital in Paris.

"People who refrain from eating chocolate are not necessarily those who eat the most balanced diet."

Added Tim Chico, a cardiologist at the University of Sheffield in northern England: "I would not advise my patients to increase their chocolate intake based on this research, particularly if they are overweight," in remarks to Britain's Science Media Centre (SMC).

source: www.abs-cbnnews.com

Telephones may help cure chronic pain

Researchers may have found another use for the telephone - as an aid to address chronic widespread pain, or fibromyalgia.

But no, it's not an app. It's just good, old-fashioned talk-on-the-phone therapy, researchers at UK's University of Aberdeen and the University of Manchester said.

"TCBT (telephone-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy) was associated with substantial, statistically significant, and sustained improvements in patient global assessment," the researchers said in their conclusion.

In their study, the researchers picked at random 442 patients with chronic widespread pain and had them receive six months of TCBT, graded exercise, combined intervention, or treatment as usual (TAU).

With a seven-point patient global assessment scale of change in health since trial enrollment (range: very much worse to very much better), was assessed at baseline and six months (intervention end) and nine months after randomization.

The results of the treatments showed a positive outcome at six and nine months, respectively:


TAU group, 8 percent after six months, 8 percent after nine months
TCBT group, 30 percent after six months and 33 percent after nine months
Exercise group, 35 percent after six months and 24 percent after nine months
Combined intervention group, 37 percent after six months and 37 percent after nine months.


At six and nine months, combined intervention was associated with improvements in the 36-Item Short Form Health Questionnaire and a reduction in passive coping strategies.

The researchers included John McBeth, MA, PhD; Gordon Prescott, BSc, MSc, PhD; Graham Scotland, BSc, MSc; Karina Lovell, PhD, MSc, BA, RN; Philip Keeley, RN, BA, MA, PhD; Phil Hannaford, MD, FRCGP, FFSRH, FFPH, DRCOG, DCH; Paul McNamee, MA, MSc, PhD; Deborah P. M. Symmons, MD, FFPH, FRCP; Steve Woby, PhD; Chrysa Gkazinou, BSc(Hons); Marcus Beasley, BSc(Hons); Gary J. Macfarlane, PhD, MD(Hons).

Treatment costs

A separate report on tech site CNET noted the first six months following diagnosis may cost a patient an average of $3,481 for medications, consultations, tests, and emergency room visits.

This prompted the researchers to investigate two less expensive alternatives: exercise and cognitive behavioral therapy (by phone).

"(These results) demonstrate that we can improve symptoms for many people. We have examined two options--a graded exercise program and CBT--and found both to be effective," said MacFarlane.

Findings showed that after six months, 8.1 percent of participants in the control group reported positive outcomes, compared with 29.9 percent of the talk therapy group; 34.8 percent of the exercise group; and 37.2 percent of the combined intervention group.

Results were similar at a nine-month follow-up. — TJD, GMA News

Source: gmanews.tv