Hong Kong pink dolphins enjoy comeback as pandemic slows marine traffic

HONG KONG - Rare pink dolphins are returning to the waters between Hong Kong and Macau after the coronavirus pandemic halted ferries, but scientists remain deeply concerned about their long-term survival in one of the world's busiest sea lanes.

The tell-tale flash of pink leaping from the waters alerts Naomi Brennan to the presence of a local Chinese white dolphin and she jots the animal's location into a GPS device.

Conservationists like Brennan regularly board boats in the Pearl River Delta to document how the mammals, known for their eye-catching pink coloring, are faring.

"Today we encountered 3 different groups of dolphins -- six adults and two sub-adults," she explained.

"They were engaging in a range of behavior, from feeding to traveling and socializing."

For years keeping tabs on the dolphins has been a disheartening task.

The population has fallen by 70-80 percent in the past 15 years in what is one of the world's most industrialized estuaries.

But this year their numbers have bounced back -- and they have the pandemic to thank.

Ferries between Hong Kong and Macau have been suspended since February, providing local marine scientists an opportunity to study how the mammals have adapted to the "unprecedented quiet." 

"We're seeing much larger group sizes as well as much more socializing, mating behavior, which we hadn't really been seeing for the last 5 years or so," said Dr. Lindsay Porter, a Hong Kong-based marine scientist.

According to Porter's research team, the number of pink dolphins has increased by roughly a third in those waters since March.

"These areas seem to be important for feeding and socializing. So it's great that there's this refuge for them," added Brennan, a member of Porter's team.

MEGACITIES AND SHIPPING

The Pearl River Delta is one of the most industrialized coastal areas on Earth. As well as Hong Kong and Macao, it includes Chinese mainland megacities like Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Dongguan, and is home to some 22 million people.

And aside from heavy shipping traffic, the dolphins' key habitat has been subjected to a host of large-scale developments, including the construction of Hong Kong's airport on reclaimed land and the world's longest sea bridge connecting the financial hub to Macau and Zhuhai.

A huge new reclamation project is also underway to build a third runway for the city's airport.

According to the WWF, there are only an estimated 2,000 pink dolphins left in the Pearl River Delta -- the minimum number that conservationists believe are needed to sustain the species. 

There is a palpable fear the delta's dolphins could go extinct under the population's current trajectory.

"Dolphins, and especially these estuarine dolphins, have a slow birth rate, a slow growth rate, a slow reproductive rate," said Laurence McCook, head of oceans conservation at WWF-Hong Kong. 

"So they need very careful management."

CANTONESE HERITAGE

The lack of ferries is a welcome, but potentially brief respite for the dolphins.

Noise from vessels disturbs mammals that rely on underwater sound for navigation and communication. 

The ships also pose the physical threat of striking the creatures, injuring and even killing them. 

The rugged southern coastline of Hong Kong's outlying Lantau island provides shelter from typhoons and predators for the dolphins.

But it is also where the ferries between Macau and the financial hub travel. 

Conservationists are campaigning to expand an existing marine park to better protect the vulnerable species.

"We've now identified a habitat that could then be reclaimed by them and could really be used to support their population," said Brennan, who believes recent findings could provide an opportunity for conservationists to "turn the tide" for the vulnerable dolphin population. 

"The fact that we've seen such a dramatic change, though still early days, from just one of those impacts going away is a really positive shift." 

But WWF's McCook warns time is running out for the dolphins.

"They're an icon of the area," he said. "They're a part of Cantonese heritage. They've been around here for millennia."

"It would be a global tragedy to lose this iconic creature from the future of the Greater Bay Area."

Agence France-Presse

Why Japanese zoos will stop acquiring dolphins

TOKYO - The Japanese Association of Zoos and Aquariums said Wednesday it will stop acquiring dolphins caught in drive hunts off the town of Taiji in western Japan after facing the risk of expulsion from a global zoo body.

In a vote, JAZA asked domestic zoos and aquariums whether it should remain part of the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums, which has urged the Japanese association not to take dolphins caught in the drive hunts amid an international outcry that the practice is cruel.

Among the 89 zoos and 63 aquariums that belong to JAZA, a majority voted to remain part of the global body, a decision that leaves them with no choice but to stop acquiring dolphins from the small fishery town in Wakayama Prefecture.

The World Association of Zoos and Aquariums suspended JAZA's membership last month over the issue, citing violation of the global body's "Code of Ethics and Animal Welfare." It also said the Japanese body would be expelled unless the situation is improved by Thursday.

If expelled, zoos and aquariums in Japan could face difficulty in seeking overseas cooperation for breeding rare animals and other issues.

But remaining in the global body and halting the acceptance of Taiji dolphins is also an issue of vital importance for aquariums that cannot breed dolphins on their own.

The aquariums could eventually face difficulty operating as they may not be able to find an alternative source of dolphins for their shows.

The world association, with a membership comprising over 50 countries and territories, requires all members to "adhere to policies that prohibit participating in cruel and non-selective methods of taking animals from the wild."

At the center of the controversy is the nature of the dolphin drive hunting off Taiji, Wakayama Prefecture, which is also known for its whaling culture.

In drive hunting, fishermen capture dolphins by herding them into coves as they bang metal poles against their fishing boats. The practice, however, has spurred international controversy, especially after the Oscar-winning 2009 U.S. documentary film "The Cove" showed the actual slaughter of dolphins during a drive hunt.

Taiji officials have said the method employed has changed since the film was released so as not to cause excessive suffering to dolphins. Local fishermen have also taken steps to address the situation, such as by separately capturing dolphins for edible use and those for aquarium use so that the latter will be caught without being hurt.

But concerns remain. In January last year, U.S. Ambassador to Japan Caroline Kennedy said on Twitter that she was "deeply concerned by inhumaneness of drive hunt dolphin killing" and that the U.S. government opposes such activities.

On the world body's suspension of JAZA's membership, a whale museum in Taiji, which rears many dolphins acquired from the local drive hunting, has criticized the global body for acting "emotionally."

source: www.abs-cbnnews.com